Cambodia
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For the song, see Cambodia (song).
Kingdom of Cambodia
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| Motto: ជាតិ សាសនា ព្រះមហាក្សត្រ "Nation, Religion, King" | ||||||
| Anthem: Nokor Reach Majestic Kingdom | ||||||
![Location of Cambodia (green)in ASEAN (dark grey) – [Legend]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Location_Cambodia_ASEAN.svg) | ||||||
| Capital and largest city | Phnom Penh 11°33′N 104°55′E | |||||
| Official languages | Khmer | |||||
| Official script | Khmer script | |||||
| Ethnic groups(2013[1]) |
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| Religion | Official: Theravada Buddhism Other religions:
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| Demonym | Cambodian | |||||
| Government | Unitary parliamentaryconstitutional monarchy | |||||
| • | Monarch | Norodom Sihamoni | ||||
| • | Prime Minister | Hun Sen | ||||
| • | Senate President | Say Chhum | ||||
| • | National Assembly President | Heng Samrin | ||||
| Legislature | Parliament | |||||
| • | Upper house | Senate | ||||
| • | Lower house | National Assembly | ||||
| Formation | ||||||
| • | Kingdom of Funan | 68–550 | ||||
| • | Kingdom of Chenla | 550–706 | ||||
| • | Khmer Empire | 802–1431 | ||||
| • | Independence (from France) | 9 November 1953 | ||||
| • | Paris Peace Accords | 23 October 1991 | ||||
| • | Monarchy restored | 24 September 1993 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| • | Total | 181,035 km2 (88th) 69,898 sq mi | ||||
| • | Water (%) | 2.5 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| • | 2014 estimate | 15,458,332[1] (65th) | ||||
| • | 2008 census | 13,388,910[2] | ||||
| • | Density | 81.8/km2 (118th) 211.8/sq mi | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2015 estimate | |||||
| • | Total | $54.035 billion[3] | ||||
| • | Per capita | $3,476[3] | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2015 estimate | |||||
| • | Total | $17.814 billion[3] | ||||
| • | Per capita | $1,146[3] | ||||
| Gini (2011) | 31.8[4] medium | |||||
| HDI (2014) |  0.555[5]medium · 143rd | |||||
| Currency | Riela (KHR) | |||||
| Time zone | (UTC+7) | |||||
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy | |||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
| Calling code | +855 | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | KH | |||||
| Internet TLD | .kh | |||||
| a. | The de facto currency is the United States dollar.[6] | |||||
Cambodia (
i/kæmˈboʊdiə/;[7] Khmer: កម្ពុជា, Kampuchea, IPA: [kɑmpuˈciə]), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia (Khmer: ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, Preăh Réachéanachâk Kâmpŭchéa, IPA: [ˈprĕəh riəciənaːˈcɑk kɑmpuˈciə]) and once known as the Khmer Empire, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 sq mi) in area, bordered by Thailandto the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest.
i/kæmˈboʊdiə/;[7] Khmer: កម្ពុជា, Kampuchea, IPA: [kɑmpuˈciə]), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia (Khmer: ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, Preăh Réachéanachâk Kâmpŭchéa, IPA: [ˈprĕəh riəciənaːˈcɑk kɑmpuˈciə]) and once known as the Khmer Empire, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 sq mi) in area, bordered by Thailandto the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest.
Cambodia has a population of over 15 million. The official religion is Theravada Buddhism, practised by approximately 95 percent of the population. The country's minority groups include Vietnamese, Chinese, Chams, and 30 hill tribes.[8] The capital and largest city is Phnom Penh, the political, economic, and cultural centre of Cambodia. The kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with Norodom Sihamoni, a monarch chosen by theRoyal Throne Council, as head of state. The head of government is Hun Sen, who is currently the longest serving non-royal leader in South East Asia and has ruled Cambodia for over 25 years.
In 802 AD, Jayavarman II declared himself king, uniting the warring Khmer princes of Chenla under the name "Kambuja".[9] This marked the beginning of the Khmer Empire which flourished for over 600 years, allowing successive kings to control and exert influence over much of Southeast Asia and accumulate immense power and wealth. The Indianized kingdom built monumental temples including Angkor Wat, now a World Heritage Site, and facilitated the spread of first Hinduism, then Buddhism to much of Southeast Asia. After the fall of Angkor to Ayutthaya in the 15th century, a reduced and weakened Cambodia was then ruled as a vassal stateby its neighbours. In 1863 Cambodia became a protectorate of France which doubled the size of the country by reclaiming the north and west from Thailand.
Cambodia gained independence in 1953. The Vietnam War extended into the country with the US bombing of Cambodia from 1969 until 1973. Following the Cambodian coup of 1970, the deposed king gave his support to his former enemies, the Khmer Rouge. The Khmer Rouge emerged as a major power, taking Phnom Penh in 1975 and later carrying out the Cambodian Genocide from 1975 until 1979, when they were ousted by Vietnam and the Vietnamese backed People's Republic of Kampuchea in the Cambodian–Vietnamese War (1979–91). Following the 1991 Paris Peace Accords Cambodia was governed briefly by a United Nations mission (1992–93). The UN withdrew after holding elections in which around 90 percent of the registered voters cast ballots. The 1997 coup placed power solely in the hands of Prime Minister Hun Sen and theCambodian People's Party, who remain in power as of 2016.
The country faces numerous challenges and sociopolitical issues, including widespread poverty,[10] pervasive corruption,[11] lack of political freedoms,[12] low human development,[13] and a high rate of hunger.[14][15][16]Cambodia has been described by Human Rights Watch's Southeast Asian Director, David Roberts, as a "vaguely communist free-market state with a relatively authoritarian coalition ruling over a superficial democracy."[17] While per capita income remains low compared to most neighbouring countries, Cambodia has one of the fastest growing economies in Asia with growth averaging 6 percent over the last decade. Agriculture remains the dominant economic sector, with strong growth in textiles, construction, garments, and tourism leading to increased foreign investment and international trade.[18] Cambodia scored dismally in an annual index (2015) ranking the rule of law in 102 countries, placing 99th overall and the worst in the region.[19]
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[hide]Name[edit]
Main article: Names of Cambodia
The "Kingdom of Cambodia" is the official English name of the country. The English "Cambodia" is an anglicization of the French "Cambodge", which in turn is the French transliteration of the Khmer Kampuchea.Kampuchea is the shortened alternative to the country's official name in Khmer, Preah Reacheanachak Kampuchea (Khmer: ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា). The Khmer endonym Kampuchea derives from the Sanskrit nameKambujadeśa (कम्बोजदेश), composed of देश, desa ("land of" or "country of") and कम्बोज, Kambujas, which alludes to the foundation myths of the first ancient Khmer kingdom.[20]
Colloquially, Cambodians refer to their country as either Srok Khmer (Khmer pronunciation: [srok kʰmae]), meaning "Khmer's Land", or the slightly more formal Prateh Kampuchea (ប្រទេសកម្ពុជា), literally "Country of Kampuchea". The name "Cambodia" is used most often in the Western world while "Kampuchea" is more widely used in the East.[21][22][23]
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